{"id":2360,"date":"2019-06-04T16:14:26","date_gmt":"2019-06-04T15:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.techgdpr.com\/?p=2360"},"modified":"2024-02-22T17:40:02","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T16:40:02","slug":"blockchain-dlt-under-the-gdpr-explained-to-the-european-commission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/blockchain-dlt-under-the-gdpr-explained-to-the-european-commission\/","title":{"rendered":"Blockchain &#038; DLT under the GDPR explained to the European Commission"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, I had the opportunity to present the <a href=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/gdpr-tech\/gdpr-in-blockchain-environments\/\">key issues of Blockchain &amp; DLT<\/a> under the GDPR to a delegation of the European Commission in Berlin. Below is a summarised version of the issues I presented.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Is the Opinion 05\/2014 by Working Party 29 still valid?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 29 Working Party issued comprehensive <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/justice\/article-29\/documentation\/opinion-recommendation\/files\/2014\/wp216_en.pdf\">guidance on Anonymisation Techniques in April 2014 (WP216)<\/a>, setting a high standard for the requirements of true anonymisation, and specifies what is to be interpreted as pseudonymisation \u2013 which is merely a method to reduce linkability of a dataset with the original identity of a data subject. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many applications of DLT requires some verification data to be stored on-chain, which, depending on interpretation and the specific requirements can be seen as anonymous or pseudonymous. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During its first plenary meeting on May 25th, 2018 the <a href=\"https:\/\/edpb.europa.eu\">European Data Protection Board<\/a> (EDPB)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edpb.europa.eu\/sites\/edpb\/files\/files\/news\/endorsement_of_wp29_documents_en_0.pdf\">endorsed a number of GDPR related WP29 Guidelines<\/a>, but not \u201cOpinion 05\/2014 on Anonymization Techniques\u201d by \u201cArt. 29 Working Party\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The EDPB should clarify whether this opinion by WP29 may be used as a guideline, or ideally issue new guidelines that allow for sufficiently protected pseudonymous data and verification hashes to be recognised as anonymous.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Clarification of distribution of responsibilities in a decentralised environment (DLT) according to given roles under GDPR.<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The architecture (or topology) of systems using DLT is vastly different from more traditional systems comprising of a client-server, or client-cloud architecture. The GDPR is clearly designed for a client-server architecture, with clear distinguishable rights and duties between a data controller, who is primarily responsible, a data processor, who processes data on behalf of a controller, and a data subject, of whom the personal data is being processed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Centralized-Decentralized-and-Distributed-Networks-2017041028-1024x769.png\" alt=\"Centralized Decentralized Distributed\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is not translatable into blockchain or distributed ledger technology, where every node could play every role, not overseen by a central entity or system.&nbsp;Participants may have different roles under different circumstances, and may have multiple roles at the same time. In addition, the requirement of concluding a Data Processing Agreement in a public permissionless network is very difficult to fulfil, and other overarching measures may be required.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clarification of the GDPR roles of the different actors within the blockchain ecosystem, under different circumstances is highly desirable to give innovators enough legal certainty to continue their efforts. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Clarification regarding deletion and rectification obligations under DLT.<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under Article 16 and 17 of the GDPR, data subjects have the right to have incorrect personal data corrected, and have their personal data that is no longer required erased. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This poses a problem when using DLT, that primarily derives its trust from its immutability. Because data, including personal data on DLT can not be rectified or erased, and many blockchains are public, the best practice so far is to not directly store personal data on a blockchain but only a verification value, also known as a hash, of some kind. However, as highlighted before, there is no current valid guidance on exact limits of anonymisation, so how this is to be applied remains unclear.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technical approaches to resolve this problem exist, for example through the ability of nodes to restrict access to certain information, to only allow \u2018keyed hashes\u2019, which all have a unique key stored off-chain that can be deleted, or by using a mutable implementation of DLT, which unfortunately hardly ever helps us trust the technology as it relies on a trusted third party and should not be seen as a true solution. Which defeats the appeal of blockchain and DLT.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Within current practices using data backups in more traditional settings, it can also not be assumed that all personal data is effectively deleted, in particular from offline tape backups. It can also be questioned what the technically implementation of \u2018deleting data\u2019 in a traditional sense is: under most circumstances this is just \u2018unlinking\u2019 data, which can still be recovered.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further guidance, and more flexibility on the interpretation of deletion and rectification obligations, in particular in a blockchain environment, is requested.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. Request to ensure future guidance takes the different blockchain and DLT architectures into account.<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the EDPB or other regulators are providing guidance on blockchain under the GDPR, it is essential to understand and consider the different blockchain architectures currently available, and possibly those of the future. A public permissionless blockchain, free to join, participate in and download for everyone, is vastly different from a private permissioned one, related technologies that are technically not blockchain but still fall within the scope of distributed ledger technologies, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/iota.org\">Tangle<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hedera.com\">Hashgraph<\/a>, have yet another very different architecture requiring a different approach.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We&#8217;d like to urge the regulators and in particular the EDPB to take these fundamental differences into account when issuing further guidance. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today, I had the opportunity to present the key issues of Blockchain &amp; DLT under the GDPR to a delegation of the European Commission in Berlin. Below is a summarised version of the issues I presented. 1. Is the Opinion 05\/2014 by Working Party 29 still valid? Article 29 Working Party issued comprehensive guidance on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2361,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,33,31,32],"tags":[46,45,44,35],"class_list":["post-2360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blockchain","category-dlt","category-european-commission","category-speaking","tag-blockchain","tag-europe","tag-european-commission","tag-gdpr"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171.jpg",6000,4000,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171-768x512.jpg",640,427,true],"large":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171-1024x683.jpg",640,427,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171.jpg",1536,1024,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171.jpg",2048,1365,false],"image-200-200":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171.jpg",200,133,false]},"post_excerpt_stackable":"<p>Today, I had the opportunity to present the key issues of Blockchain &amp; DLT under the GDPR to a delegation of the European Commission in Berlin. Below is a summarised version of the issues I presented. 1. Is the Opinion 05\/2014 by Working Party 29 still valid? Article 29 Working Party issued comprehensive guidance on Anonymisation Techniques in April 2014 (WP216), setting a high standard for the requirements of true anonymisation, and specifies what is to be interpreted as pseudonymisation \u2013 which is merely a method to reduce linkability of a dataset with the original identity of a data subject.&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list":"<a href=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/category\/blockchain\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Blockchain<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/category\/dlt\/\" rel=\"category tag\">DLT<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/category\/european-commission\/\" rel=\"category tag\">European Commission<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/category\/speaking\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Speaking<\/a>","author_info":{"name":"Silvan Jongerius","url":"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/author\/silvan\/"},"comments_num":"0 comments","featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171.jpg",6000,4000,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171-768x512.jpg",640,427,true],"large":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171-1024x683.jpg",640,427,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171.jpg",1536,1024,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171.jpg",2048,1365,false],"image-200-200":["https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brussels-4056171.jpg",200,133,false]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"<p>Today, I had the opportunity to present the key issues of Blockchain &amp; DLT under the GDPR to a delegation of the European Commission in Berlin. Below is a summarised version of the issues I presented. 1. Is the Opinion 05\/2014 by Working Party 29 still valid? Article 29 Working Party issued comprehensive guidance on Anonymisation Techniques in April 2014 (WP216), setting a high standard for the requirements of true anonymisation, and specifies what is to be interpreted as pseudonymisation \u2013 which is merely a method to reduce linkability of a dataset with the original identity of a data subject.&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"<a href=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/category\/blockchain\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Blockchain<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/category\/dlt\/\" rel=\"category tag\">DLT<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/category\/european-commission\/\" rel=\"category tag\">European Commission<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/category\/speaking\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Speaking<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"Silvan Jongerius","url":"https:\/\/techgdpr.com\/blog\/author\/silvan\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Blockchain and DLT under the GDPR (explained to the EC) - TechGDPR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We presented the issues of the GDPR for Blockchain and DLT to a delegation of the European Commission. 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